Uterine fibroids are noncancerous tumors that form inside the uterus. Uterine fibroids can cause symptoms in some cases, depending on their size and location. Scientists do not know what causes fibroids to form, but it is believed that there may be a genetic basis. Fibroids can contribute to infertility and are found in 5% to 10% of infertile women.6 Fibroids located in the uterine cavity (as opposed to those that grow within the uterine wall) or those that are larger than 6 centimeters in diameter are more likely to have a negative effect on fertility. Fibroids are more likely to affect a woman's fertility if they: 1. Change the position of the cervix, which can reduce the number of sperm that enter the uterus 2. Change the shape of the uterus, which can interfere with the movement of sperm or implantation 3. Block the fallopian tubes, which prevents sperm from reaching the egg and keeps a fertilized egg from moving to the uterus 4. Interfere with blood flow to the uterus, which can prevent the embryo from implanting
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